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فهرست مطالب :

مقدمه ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................الف

نگاه کلی ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ب

تعاریف کلی ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1

اجزاع تشکيل دهنده پست .........................................................................................................................................................................................1

ترانس مصرف داخلی ......................................................................................................................................................................................................2

تجهیزات سویچگر ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................2

شین ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
شینه بندی اصلی و انتقالی ................................................................................................................................................................................................3

شینه حلقوی باز ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................4

برقگیر ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

جبران کنندههای توان راکتیو ....................................................................................................................................................................................5

کلید هوایی .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................6

کلید هوایی دورانی ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................8

بریکر .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9

کلید گازی SF6 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................9

مکانیزم قطع و وصل بریکر فنری ..................................................................................................................................................................................10

تله موج ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

ساختمان کنترل ............................................................................................................................................................................................................11

باطری خانه ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

نکات ایمنی ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

باطری اتمی .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

سیستم UPS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13

شارژرها ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14

اصول کار شارژر .................................................................................................................................................................................................................15

ترانسفورماتور .................................................................................................................................................................................................................20

تعریف ترانسفورماتور ........................................................................................................................................................................................................20

اجزاع ترانسفورماتور ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................21
انواع اتصّال سیم پیچ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................21

روغن در ترانسفورماتورهای قدرت ........................................................................................................................................................................21

خصوصیات روغن ترانسفورماتور ...................................................................................................................................................................................22

ناخالصی ها .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................23

زوال و اضمحلال روغن ....................................................................................................................................................................................................24

تجزیه و تحلیل گازها برای آشکار کردن نقصهای ابتدایی در ترانسفورماتور ........................................................................................................25

نظارت بر روغن و رطوبت گیر ........................................................................................................................................................................................26

رطوبت گیر .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................26

ترکیب روغن ها .................................................................................................................................................................................................................26

ترانسفورماتور ولتاژ(PT,VT) ...................................................................................................................................................................................27
ترانسفورماتورجریان(CT) .........................................................................................................................................................................................28

پارامترهای اساسی یک ( (CT ......................................................................................................................................................................................28

نسبت تبدیل ترانس جریان .............................................................................................................................................................................................28

تپ چنجر ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................29

رله جانسون .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................32

خنک سازی ترانس .......................................................................................................................................................................................................32

حفاظتهای ترانس ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................33

عملکرد رلهً بوخهلتز ....................................................................................................................................................................................................33

ررله دیفرانسیل ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................33

حفاظتهاي خط ................................................................................................................................................................................................................34

حفاظت ديستانس .........................................................................................................................................................................................................34

اصول كار رله‌هاي ديستانس ...........................................................................................................................................................................................34

ساختمان رله ديستانس ...................................................................................................................................................................................................34

رله وصل مجدد(Auto recloser) ........................................................................................................................................................................37

رله اضافه جريان (Over Current) .....................................................................................................................................................................37

رله سنكرون چك ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................37

رله ولتاژي ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

رله ولتاژ كم ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

رله با تأخير زماني .............................................................................................................................................................................................................39

رله آني .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

رله ولتاژ زياد ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

حفاظت سيستم در مقابل اضافه ولتاژ .........................................................................................................................................................................39

عدم تقارن ولتاژ فازها .......................................................................................................................................................................................................40

رله فرکانسی ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................40

حفاظت كليد قدرت ......................................................................................................................................................................................................40

انواع زمين کردن ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................41

زمین کردن حفاظتی ........................................................................................................................................................................................................41

زمین کردن الکتریکی ......................................................................................................................................................................................................41

روشهای زمین کردن ........................................................................................................................................................................................................41

زمین کردن بار ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................42

اندازه گيری ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................42

اينترلاکها .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................42
سیستم آلارم .................................................................................................................................................................................................................43

مراحل مانور .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................44

دفاتر موجود در اتاق کنترل ......................................................................................................................................................................................44

سیستم DCS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................45

تاریخچه ی پست های DCS در ایران .......................................................................................................................................................................45

ساختار کلی پست های DCS ......................................................................................................................................................................................46

ساختار سيستمهاي اسكادا ..............................................................................................................................................................................................47

مزایای پست های DCS .................................................................................................................................................................................................48

معایب و مشکلات پست های DCS .............................................................................................................................................................................50

صفحات کاربری پست های DCS ................................................................................................................................................................................52

ضمیمه (نحوه ی نامگذاری خطوط و کلیدها) ............................................................